#1595 docs: document safety, lint and policy rules for check

Issue for this PR

Fixes #1125

Type of change

• Bug fix
• New feature
• Refactor / code improvement
• Documentation

What does this PR do?

Adds catalogs for safety, lint and policy rules observed from altimate-core 0.9.0, with triggering examples and severities. Links the catalogs from Available Checks and corrects the SELECT * example to L001 / select_star.

How did you verify your code works?

• From docs/: mkdocs build --site-dir /tmp/altimate-docs-site passes with no new diagnostics against the base.
• Ran all 55 safety/lint examples and 11 policy examples through the CLI. Every documented rule and severity matched.
• bun run typecheck: 13 workspace checks pass.

Selected finding fields from the CLI output:

{
  "safety": {
    "rule": "unbalanced_quote",
    "severity": "error"
  },
  "lint": {
    "rule": "select_star",
    "code": "L001",
    "severity": "warning"
  },
  "policy": {
    "rule": "require_limit",
    "severity": "error"
  }
}

Cost side effects

None. No additional model calls, remote warehouse queries or cloud resources.

Screenshots / recordings

Not a UI change.

Checklist

• I have tested my changes locally
• I have not included unrelated changes in this PR
• I checked for cost side effects and described them above

Drafted-by: Codex (GPT-6); reviewed by @Vamsi-klu before posting

Summary by CodeRabbit

• Documentation
  • Added a Rule Catalog covering observed safety and lint rules, their examples and severities, and policy-rule configuration.
  • Linked check descriptions to relevant catalog sections and clarified that lint findings may omit rule and code fields.
  • Updated JSON and text examples to show a select_star finding with code L001.
  • Documented catalog limitations and how check errors are represented when an engine call fails.